Planting a tree in your yard is immensely rewarding as it serves to enhance the landscape while giving shade and contributing to the environment. This guide will take you through the process and ensure that your new tree gets off on a healthy start.
1. Choose the Right Tree
Before you get started, select a type of tree that is going to work in your climate, in your soil type, and in the space you have available. Consider how large the tree will get at its maturity, including its height, spread, amount of sunlight it requires, what type of soil it likes best, suitability for your climate, and for what purpose: shade, fruit, ornamentation. Check with local nurseries or extension offices for recommendations on native species that perform well in your area.
2. Determine the Planting Location
Select the location in your garden that best suits all of the requirements for that particular tree. Ensure enough space is allowed for the mature size of the tree, check for any overhead power lines or underground utilities, take note of proximity to buildings, walkways, and other plants, and make sure that it receives appropriate sunlight.
3. Gather Necessary Tools and Materials
You will be needing several tools and materials for planting the tree. Included in these are the following: shovel or spade, garden fork, wheelbarrow, compost or well-rotted manure, mulch, stake, and ties for larger trees; garden hose or watering can; pruning shears.
4. Planting Site Preparation
Prepare the site by marking out a circular area 2-3 times wider than the root ball. Clear the area of grass and weeds; then, dig a hole as deep as the root ball but twice as wide. Using a garden fork, loosen the bottom and sides of the hole. If one's soil is poor, mix some compost or well-rotted manure into the excavated soil.
5. Plant the Tree
Now, plant your tree. Gently remove your tree from its container or burlap wrapping. Inspect the roots for any that may be damaged or circling. Place your tree in the center of your hole and make sure it's straight. The root flare - where the trunk flares out at the base - must be higher than ground level. Backfill the hole with the excavated soil, firming it up gently to cut off air pockets. Create a small berm around the edge of the planting area. This berm will hold water.
6. Water Thoroughly
Give your newly planted tree a good drink. Make sure that the water is applied slowly and soaking into the soil deep around the root ball. Continue until water starts to pool on the surface. Let the water drain, then repeat 2-3 times.
7. Apply Mulch
Mulching helps retain moisture and suppress weeds. Apply 2-3 inches of organic mulch outwards from the trunk. Keep it a few inches away from the trunk to prevent rotting. Extend the application to the drip line or beyond.
8. Stake if Necessary
Larger trees and those that are in windy locations may be staked. Drive 2-3 stakes into the ground outside of the root ball. Tie soft ties from the stakes to the tree allowing some movement. Remove the stake(s) after one growing season or when the tree has become established.
9. Prune if necessary
Minimal pruning at planting time may be necessary. Dead, diseased or damaged branches along with crossing branches should be removed. No more than 25% of live branches should be removed from the tree at the time of planting. The central leader of young trees should not be pruned.
10. Provide Ongoing Care
Your new tree will need some TLC to get established. Water deeply once a week during the first growing season. Water more in hot or dry spells. Watch for signs of stress, pests or disease. If staked, adjust ties to avoid girdling. Mulch replenishment, annually. After its first year, begin a regular pruning schedule.
Planting a tree is an investment in the future of both your garden and nature. If you take these steps, you will be giving your new tree the best possible start in life. Bear in mind that different species have special needs in care, so research your chosen tree for particular needs that may be called for. With proper care and attention, your newly planted tree will grow into a beautiful and valuable addition in your landscape, bearing benefits for years to come.